Syria has become one of the world’s most dangerous countries for journalists, marked by a decade of repression, violence, and a “grim environment” defining its media landscape, according to a report by Women Journalists Without Chains (WJWC).
“Hundreds of journalists have sought refuge in neighboring countries such as Lebanon, Jordan, Iraq, and Turkey to protect their lives and families while staying connected to their profession,” WJWC reported.
The civil war, which erupted in 2011, plunged the country into chaos, drawing in international players and spawning extremist groups. Journalists have borne the brunt of the conflict, facing arrest, torture, kidnapping, and assassination.
Since the onset of the Syrian uprising, more than 717 journalists have been killed, including 53 who perished under torture. The report assigns primary responsibility to the Syrian regime but notes that opposition factions, Kurdish forces, and “jihadist” groups also target press freedom.
The dangers extend beyond physical threats. Journalists must navigate draconian laws that suppress free expression, criminalize dissent, and enforce state control over media narratives.
Under President Bashar al-Assad’s rule, the Syrian regime has dismantled independent media through strict censorship, surveillance, and the requirement for state-approved licenses.
“Journalists who dare to publish even the slightest criticism of the authorities face harsh repercussions, including censorship, detention, torture, and even death while in custody,” the report explains.
In areas outside government control, conditions remain perilous. Armed factions and extremist groups resort to intimidation, coercion, and violence to manipulate media coverage, further endangering journalists. Independent reporting has nearly vanished, replaced by propaganda and misinformation.